Art of wall construction and building unit therefor



May 17, 1932. E D. covsu. N 1,859,236

ART OF WALL CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING UNIT THEREFOR Filed Aug. 15, 19292 Sheets-Sheet l l mummy \7 WW Nunn NW\mmumu WW WITNESSES IN VEN TOR:

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May 17, 1932. E. o. covsu. 1,359,236

ART OF WALL CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING UNIT THEREFOR Filed Aug. 15, 19292 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR:

Patented May 17, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EARL DWIGHT COVELL, OFPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE COVELL CORPORATION, OFWILMINGTON, DEI AWARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE ART OF WALLCONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING UNIT THEREFOR Application filed August15,1929.

This invention relates to the art of wall construction and buildingunits therefor. More particularly, the instant improvements havereference to building units of the type embodying a depression in one orboth of the for introduction of bonding material by using separate orunattached spacer lugsand barrier ridges; while in other instancesseparate or unattached spacer lugs and barrier ridges may be used withgreater convenience.

The fundamental of the present invention is a novel art of wallconstruction comprising laying up building units, appropriately spacedapart by attached or separate spacing lugs and barrier ridges, tofurnish intervals opening directly to one face enabling completion bythe introduction of bonding material by mechanical or other means. Insome instances, however, as in the case of back-up units, it may befound convenient to dispense with the barrier ridge or ridges.

Another feature has reference to the location of the attached orseparate barrier ridges and spacing lugs so that the several units maybe varied according to the type of construction being executed.

Other features of advantage and objects attained will be apparent fromthe following disclosure, while it is to be understood that in thereduction to practice of my invention, numerous modifications, or othercombinations and arrangements, or location of the spacing lugs andbarrier ridges, may be resorted to without departure from the scope ofmy present improvements.

In the drawings Fig. I is a perspective view illustrating a portion of awall constructed from building Serial No. 386,045.

tpnit's in accordance with the present inven- Figs. II and III areperspective views of building units embodying face arfd end barrierridges as well as spacer lugs.

Fig. IV is a perspective view of a unit having end barrier ridges only.

Fig. V is a sectional View, taken as indicated by the arrows V-V in Fig.1'.

Figs. VI and VII are perspective views showing other illustrative typesof building units embodying barrier ridges and spacer lugs capable ofbeing employed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. VIII is a similar view of a hollow 55 body type of unit.

Fig. IX shows a form of unit with spacer ridges at intervals away fromthe ends of said unit; and I Fig. X is a similar View but illustratingthe adaptation of spacer lugs only.

The several units herein illustrated are all of such configuration thatthey may be fabricated by molding, tamping, die pressing or othermeansfrom clay, concrete, ce- 7 ment-cinder or other composition.Furthermore, all corresponding parts are similarly designated by likereferences, with only those differing in location or purposedistinctively characterized to avoid overlapping dcscrip 30 tive matter.

Referring firstly to the various forms of building units illustrated,that designated 1 in Fig. II has a depression 2 in its horizontal facedefined by a ridge 3 which is co-extensive 35 with one lateral face andspacing lugs 4 on or near the opposite face and special relation to theunit horizontal ends. This unit 1, furthermore, has an end ridge or lug5 which is continuous with and of the same height as one lateral face;while the purpose thereof will be later on explained.

In the modified unit, 6 of Fig. III, the de pression 2 in its face is inpart bounded by a continuous ridge 7 along one lateral face andhorizontal end of the unit; an end ridge or lug 5 as before described;and but one spacing'lug 8 remote from the ridge 7 aforesaid. The purposeof this modified unit is to enable the construction of corners.

Unit 9 of Fig.'IV is a form of-backup block with depression 2 in ahorizontal face bounded at the ends by ridges 10 which provide thespacing for the horizontal joints. This also enables the joint materialat the ends of the unit to be projected through to a temporary orpermanent barrier wall at one side of the backup. Unit 11 of Fig. VI isa modified form of the unit 1 of Fig. II in which the end lug 5 isomitted. I use this unit 11 also as a backup block, the pur ose being toenable the joint material at t e ends of the unit to be bonded onto atemporar or permanent barrier wall. The unit 12 of ig. VII is anothermodified form of the unit 1 of Fig. II in that but one lug 13 isprovided to secure the horizontal joint spacing.

Unit 14 of Fig. VIII is a slight modification of the unit 11 of Fig. VI.This type of unit 14, it will be seen, is of the hollow tile variety,being provided with spaced apertures 15 therethrough, while thedepression 2 is defined by a longitudinal ridge 3, and corner spacinglugs 16.

Unit 17 of Fig. IX has a depression 2 in one face with parallelingridges 18 which preserve the spacing of the horizontal joint for thesubsequent introduction of bonding material m by mechanical or othermeans. Unit 19 of Fig. X embodies upstanding lugs 20 that enable thespacing of the horizontal joints for the subsequent introduction ofbonding material on by mechanical or other means.

Units 9, 11, 14 17 and 19, may be used where there is a barrier at oneside of the backup wall face, obviating the necessity of retaining allthe bonding material m in the horizontal and vertical joints of the unitfaces when introduced from a side of the wall.

In building a wall as depicted in Figs. I and V, I employ in the outerthickness 21, units of the type 1Fig. IIlaid end to end; while at thecorners use in made of the units 6, shown in Fig. III, since said unitshave one face adapted for the corner return. The inner wall thickness 22may be constructed in spacial relation to the wall 21 to provide aninterval 11 and entirely of units 9, 11, 14, 17 and 19; as shown,respectively, in Figs. IV, VI, VIII, IX and X. However, the inner wallis depicted as bein constructed wholly of units 9, as shown in Fig. IV.These units 9, for example, are laid with the horizontal joint spacings23 open directly to the rear or inner face of the wall, care being takento separate them one from another longitudinally to allow suflicientvertical opening 24 for the introduction of the bonding material mtherebetween; as later on more fully explained.

In laying the two thicknesses of walls 21 and 22, I prefer to erect 21first; following the laying of the units 1 and 6, I introduce bondingmaterial m into the open horizontal joints afiorded by the depressions 2and vertical joints 25 from the in side of said wall. I then prefer tocoat a face of the wall 21- the in face for example-with plaster orwaterproof material by mechanical or other means before laying thebackup wall 22. This wall 22 is then laid as hereinbefore described andthe horizontal and vertical joints 23, 24, as well as the verticalinterval 71 when provided, are filled with a suitable bonding material mfrom the in face.

It will be noted that in introducing the bonding material m bycompressed air or other suitable means, I provide a bond of the jointmaterial onto one side of the Wall 22; which unites the wall into amonolithic mass.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that by proper choice andarrangement as between the units 1, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17 and 19, I amable to set up an angular wall structure with a flush outer face and asystem of internal channeling which is directly accessible from one sideso that the bonding material m may be directly introduced into the openjoints 2, 25; or 23, 24; subsequent to laying of the wall or a sectionthereof.

It is readily evident to those skilled in the art that the introductionof mortar, for instance by a cement gun or similar device will result inspeed of construction as Well as provide a wall of great strength andrigidity. Upon filling of the interstices 2, 25; or 23, 24; by such amethod and setting of the cement or other suitable bonding material m,it will be apparent that the component units 21, 22, are securely bondedtogether to form a solid structure or wall. If walls of greaterthickness than shown in Fig. I are desired, they may, obviously, be hadby adding one or more inner sections 22, constructed from any of thebackup units hereinbefore described.

Still other variations such for example as rights and lefts of certainof the types of units described, and the moving of the spacing lugs andbarrier ridges from the illustrative position shown in the differentfigures. are obviously possible within the scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A wall construction comprising building units laid with predeterminedspacings to provide horizontal and vertical joint-s, each said unitembodying a barrier ridge on or closely adjacent to a vertical facethereof and a barrier ridge outstanding from. certain of the transversevertical faces with a spacing lug or lugs on a horizontal face inspacial relation to the ends thereof, said ridges and lugs therebyaffording predetermined open horizontal and vertical intervals directlyaccessible from one face of the wall only for the subsequentintroduction and reception of bonding material.

2. A wall construction comprising units laid with appropriate spacing toprovide vertical joints and predeterminedly spaced horizontal joints,each said unit embodying a barrier ridge on or closely adjacent to avertical face with a lug or lugs on a horizontal face in spacialrelation to the unit ends, said ridge and lug or lugs affording openintervals directly accessible from one face of the wall only for thesubsequent introduction and reception of bonding material.

3. A lining wall construction comprising units laid with appropriatespacing apart longitudinally to provide vertical joints andpredeterminedly spaced horizontal joints, each said unit embodyingspacing lugs on a horizontal face or faces in spacial relation to theends thereof that afford open intervals directly accessible from oneface of the wall for the subsequent introduction and reception ofbonding material.

4. A wall construction involving introduction of appropriate bondingmaterial by mechanical or other means from one side of a backup wallcomposed of units embodying lugs on a horizontal face or faces in spacedrelation to the ends thereof to bond the same onto one surface of afacial wall by forced passage through vertical and interruptedhorizontal spaces between the units of the backup wall, said facial wallcomprising units with barrier ridges and spacing lugs setting aparthorizontal and vertical intervals accessible from the inner face only,and the introduced material bonding said units together and concurrentlyuniting the two walls aforesaid into one common mass.

5. A Wall comprising units predetermining a flush face, each said unitembodying a barrier ridge alon vertical faces thereof with spacingprojections upon a horizontal face in spacial relation to the endsthereof, whereby predetermined horizontal and vertical intervals areformed that extend into close proximity to one wall face, said intervalsbeing open to the other wall face only for direct accessibility insubsequently introducing a bonding agent. V

6. A backup wall constructed from units laid an appropriate distanceapart longitudinally to form vertical channels, each said unit includingspacers which predetermine interrupted horizontal intervals, saidvertical channels and horizontal intervals being open at the rear faceof the wall for direct accessibility in subsequently introducing abondunit having barrier ridges along paralleling vertical faces thereofwhich predetermine interrupted horizontal intervals, said verticalchannels and horizontal intervals being open to the exposed'face of saidwall for direct accessibility in subsequently introducing appropriatebonding material.

8. As a new artlcle of manufacture, a building unit with a depression inone of its horizontal faces defined in part by a ridge extending along avertical face, and by opposing projections on;,said horizontal face awayfrom the angular corners thereof,

9. As a new article of manufacture, a building unitwith adepression in ahorizontal face defined in part by a ridge extending along the verticalsides adapted to be exposed at the face of a wall, and by a projectionin said horizontal face away from the angular corners thereof.

10. As a new article of manufacture, a building unit with a depressionin a horizontal face defined in part by a ridge extending along onevertical face and by opposing projections on said horizontal face spacedrelative to the corners thereof and aligned with the opposed verticalface, and a spacing ridge extending outward from another of the verticalfaces.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Rockmart,Georgia, this 9th day of August, 1929.

. EARL DWIGHT COVELL.

